Android, prononcé à la française / . 1.0: Overview. This specification, the Open Packaging Format (OPF), is one third of a triumvirate of modular specifications that make up the EPUB publication format. More ways to shop: Visit an Apple Store, call 1-800-MY-APPLE, or find a reseller. In ancient times at or near Wroc. It has been mapped to the ancient Claudius Ptolemy map of the years 142–147 AD. ![]() Apple - Support - Downloads. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly 3. Baltic Sea to the north and 4. Sudeten Mountains to the south. The population of Wroc. Today, it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The history of the city dates back a thousand years, and its extensive heritage combines almost all religions and cultures of Europe. It became part of Poland in 1. Search settings; Web History : Advanced search Language tools. Download the free trial version below to get started. Double-click the downloaded file to install the software. How to install and use a packer plugin: 1. Unzip the downloaded archive to any directory 2. In Total Commander, choose Configuration - Options 3. ![]() Second World War. A thriving multicultural centre, Wroc. The Centennial Hall in Wroc. In 2. 01. 6, the city was a European Capital of Culture and the World Book Capital. Also in this year, Wroc. In 2. 01. 7, the city is the host of the IFLA Annual Conference and the World Games. Etymology. The first municipal seal stated Sigillum civitatis Wratislavie. A simplified name is given, in 1. Wrezlaw, Prezla or Breslaw. The Czech spelling was used in Latin documents as Wratislavia or Vratislavia. At that time, Prezla was used in Middle High German, which became Pre. In the middle of the 1. Early New High German (and later New High German) form of the name, Breslau, began to replace its earlier versions. The city is traditionally believed to be named after Wrocis. It is also possible that the city was named after the tribal duke of the Silesians or after an early ruler of the city called Vratislav. The city's name in various other languages is: Hungarian: Boroszl. It has been mapped to the ancient Claudius Ptolemy map of the years 1. AD. The city of Wroc. In 9. 85, Duke Mieszko I of Poland conquered Silesia including Wroc. The town was mentioned explicitly in the year 1. AD in connection with a founding of a bishopric during the Congress of Gniezno. Middle Ages. One of the most important events during this period was the foundation of the Diocese of Wroc. Along with the Bishoprics of Krak. In the years 1. 03. Pagan reaction in Poland. Around 1. 00. 0, the town had about 1,0. By 1. 13. 9, a settlement belonging to Governor Piotr W. While the city was Polish, there were also communities of Bohemians, Jews, Walloons. During the battles with the Mongols the Wroc. The city council used Latin and German, and . The original foundation, Ostr. The city adopted Magdeburg rights in 1. The Polish Piast dynasty. In 1. 27. 4 the prince Henryk IV Probus gave the city the staple right. Wroc. The city joined the Hanseatic League in 1. In June 5, 1. 44. Richter scale, which destroyed or seriously damaged many buildings in the city. From 1. 46. 9 to 1. Kingdom of Hungary and the King of Hungary Matthias Corvinus even had a mistress from the city with whom he had a son. In 1. 47. 4, the city left the Hanseatic League. In 1. 47. 5, Kasper Elyan printed in Wroc. However, from 1. 52. Silesia was ruled by the Catholic House of Habsburg. In 1. 61. 8, it supported the Bohemian Revolt out of fear of losing the right to freedom of religious expression. During the ensuing Thirty Years' War, the city was occupied by Saxon and Swedish troops, and lost 1. The Austrian emperor brought in the Counter- Reformation by encouraging Catholic orders to settle in the city, starting in 1. Franciscans, followed by Jesuits. These orders erected buildings which shaped the city's appearance until 1. At the end of the Thirty Years' War, however, it was one of only a few Silesian cities to stay Protestant. In the year 1. 66. Municipal School of Polish (it operated until 1. The precise record keeping of births and deaths by the city led to the use of their data for analysis of mortality, first by John Graunt and then later by Edmond Halley. Halley's tables and analysis, published in 1. In the year 1. 70. During the Counter- Reformation, the intellectual life of the city flourished, as the Protestant bourgeoisie lost its role to the Catholic orders as the patron of the arts. The city became the centre of German Baroque literature and was home to the First and Second Silesian school of poets. Habsburg empress Maria Theresa ceded the territory in the Treaty of Breslau in 1. Austria attempted to recover Silesia with Wroc. The fortifications of the city were leveled. The Protestant Viadrina European University of Frankfurt (Oder) was relocated to Breslau in 1. Jesuit University to create the new Silesian Frederick- William University (Schlesische Friedrich- Wilhelm- Universit. The city became the centre of the German Liberation movement against Napoleon, and the gathering place for volunteers from all over Germany, with the Iron Crossmilitary decoration founded by Frederick William III of Prussia in early March 1. The city was the centre of Prussian mobilisation for the campaign which ended at Leipzig. The levelled fortifications opened space for the city to grow beyond its old limits. Breslau became an important railway hub and industrial centre, notably of linen and cotton manufacture and metal industry. The reconstructed university served as a major centre of sciences, while the secularisation of life laid the base for a rich museum landscape. Johannes Brahms wrote his Academic Festival Overture to thank the university for an honorary doctorate awarded in 1. In 1. 82. 1, (Arch)Diocese of Breslau was disentangled from the Polish ecclesiastical province (archbishopric) in Gniezno and made Breslau an exempt bishopric. On 1. 0 October 1. Jewish Theological Seminary opened. The institution was the first modern rabbinical seminary in Central Europe. In 1. 86. 3 the brothers Karl and Louis Stangen founded the travel agency Stangen, this was the second travel agency in the world. Its population more than tripled to over half a million between 1. The 1. 90. 0 census listed 4. In 1. 89. 0, construction began on the forts of Breslau Fortress. Important landmarks were inaugurated in 1. Kaiser bridge and the Technical University, which now houses the Wroc. The 1. 90. 0 census listed 9. German- speakers, with 5,3. Polish- speakers (1. German and Polish. After the war the Polish community began holding masses in the Polish language at the Church of Saint Anne, and, as of 1. St. Martin's and a Polish School was founded by Helena Adamczewska (pl). The number of Poles as a percentage of the total population fell to just 0. Poland in 1. 91. 8, when many moved to Poland. In 1. 92. 9, the Werkbund opened Wu. Wa (German: Wohnungs- und Werkraumausstellung) in Breslau- Scheitnig, an international showcase of modern architecture by architects of the Silesian branch of the Werkbund. In June 1. 93. 0, Breslau hosted the Deutsche Kampfspiele, a sporting event for German athletes after Germany was excluded from the Olympic Games after World War I. The number of Jews remaining in Breslau fell from 2. Arrests were made for speaking Polish in public, and in 1. Nazi- controlled police destroyed the Polish cultural centre. Tens of thousands were imprisoned there. The Sportsfest was held to commemorate the 1. German Wars of Liberation against Napoleon's invasion. In 1. 94. 1 the remnants of the pre- war Polish minority in the city, as well as Polish slave labourers, organised a resistance group called Olimp. The organisation gathered intelligence, carrying out sabotage and organising aid for Polish slave workers. As the war continued, refugees from bombed- out German cities, and later refugees from farther east, swelled the population to nearly one million. At the end of 1. 94. Poles were moved into the city after Germans crushed the Warsaw Uprising. Gauleiter. Karl Hanke declared the city a Festung (fortress) to be held at all costs. Hanke finally lifted a ban on the evacuation of women and children when it was almost too late. During his poorly organised evacuation in January 1. By the end of the Battle of Breslau, half the city had been destroyed. An estimated 4. 0,0. After a siege of nearly three months, Festung Breslau capitulated on 6 May 1. The Polish name of . There had been discussion among the Western Allies to place the southern Polish- German boundary on the Glatzer Neisse, which meant post- war Germany would have been allowed to retain approximately half of Silesia, including Breslau. However, the Soviets insisted the border be drawn at the Lusatian Neisse farther west. After the war. After World War II the region was placed under Polish administration by the Potsdam Agreement under territorial changes demanded by the Soviet Union. The city's last pre- war German school was closed in 1. A small German minority (about 1,0. In 1. 94. 8, Wroc. About one- third of the area of the city was flooded. From 2. 01. 2 to 2. Wroc. It cost more than 9. PLN (c. 2. 20 million euro). Three matches in Group A of the UEFA Euro 2. Municipal Stadium in Wroc. It is one of the warmer cities in Poland. Lying in the Silesian Lowlands between Trzebnickie Hills and the Sudetes, the mean annual temperature is 9. The coldest month is January (average temperature . The highest temperature in Wroc. It was previously the seat of Wroc. The city is a separate urban gmina and city county (powiat). It is also the seat of Wroc. The city council is made up of 3. The remit of the council and president extends to all areas of municipal policy and development planning, up to and including development of local infrastructure, transport and planning permission. However, it is not able to draw taxation directly from its citizens, and instead receives its budget from the Polish national government whose seat is in Warsaw. The city's current mayor is Rafa. Free wireless Internet (Wi- Fi) is available at a number of places around town. Landmarks and points of interest. It was formerly an island (ostr. In the north- west corner of the market square there is the St. Elisabeth's Church (Bazylika . North of the church are the Shambles with Monument of Remembrance of Animals for Slaughter (pl). The Salt Square (now a flower market) is located at the south- western corner of the market square. Close to the square, between Szewska and . Mary Magdalene Church (Ko. Marii Magdaleny) established in the 1. Pan Tadeusz Museum- Operating since May 2. Located in the building of the Golden Sun in the Market. You'll find the manuscript of the national epos- .
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